Speakers

Abstract:

Long-term auricular electric stimulation attenuated neuronal damage in kainic acid-induced epileptic seizure related to anti-inflammation

 Introduction and purpose:Acupuncture has been used to treat epilepsy for a long time, and recent studies have shown that acupuncture has anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, the vagus nerve is distributed in the ear, and acupuncture of ST-36 (Zusanli acupoint) can increase vagus nerve activity. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of electric stimulation (ES) at ear in epileptic seizure rat.

 Materials and Methods: Epileptic seizures were induced in rat by intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid (KA), and then 2-Hz electrical stimulation (ES) of the ear and 2-Hz electroacupuncture (EA) at the ST36 -ST37 acupoints for three times every week consecutive six weeks.

 Results: The results showed the electrophysiological study indicated neuron overexcitation occurred in the CA1 of hippocampus in the KA-treated rats. This phenomenon could be reversed among either the 2-Hz auricular ES or 2-Hz ST36-ST37 treatment; similar treatment also can ameliorate mossy fiber sprouting in the hippocampus; and can reduce the COX-2 expression in the hippocampus were increased after KA-induced epileptic seizures.

Conclusion:Long-term auricular ES or EA at ST36–ST37 have an anti-inflammatory effect, suggesting that they are beneficial for the treatment of epileptic seizures.

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that often continues into adulthood, resulting in corresponding adverse social, occupational, and economic costs. Addictive behaviours, substance use disorders (SUDs), or behavioural addictions are some of the most serious comorbidities with ADHD. This narrative review explores how ADHD is interconnected with addictive behaviours, focusing on prevalence, underlying psychological/neurobiological factors, and overall implications with regard to healthcare and economic productivity. Data from available scientific evidence suggests that this phenomenon is grounded in a bidirectional relationship wherein core symptoms of ADHD, especially impulsivity and regulatory dysfunction, create higher vulnerability to addictive behaviours, but concurrent addictive behaviour exacerbates functional deficits in ADHD.

Abstract

Length: 400–500 words

Central Visual Processing Assessment is mandatory for several neurodevelopmental disorders such as Amblyopia, ADHD, Dyslexia, Dyscalculia, ASD, and Down Syndrome. In this study, we applied a visual stimulation protocol for specific ADHD alterations, using a combination of perceptual learning with non-invasive neuromodulation by electrical current. Twenty sessions were conducted, divided into two sessions of 10 consecutive days, separated by a 10-day interval. The stimuli used for the tasks were modifications of the assessment stimuli, allowing adjustments to stimulate based on the patient's perceptual threshold. Briefly, there are 3 tasks. The first consists of a measure of coherent motion perception, the second involves the detection of an abruptly tilted visual stimulus presented among 99 other vertically oriented stimuli, and the third involves the identification of a horizontal white bar ODD stimulus among other vertical white bars and horizontal and vertical white and black bars. The results show significant improvements in both the detection measures for abrupt orientation stimuli (from 120º to 100º) and the visual stimulus search ODD (from 57.2% to 89%). We conclude that the combined stimulation protocol is efficient in regulating visual aspects of ADHD, representing a promising therapeutic approach with a permanent reduction in symptoms in a short period of time.