Speakers

Abstract : Upstream intervention for healthcare quality: Re-engineering nursing
curricula to address global disparities in patient safety.

Introduction: The public health imperative
Although patient safety is widely recognised as a fundamental aspect of the quality of healthcare,
preventable medical errors remain a leading cause of illness and death worldwide. Nurses form the
largest part of the global healthcare workforce and act as the primary defence against systemic
error. However, a critical “upstream” factor in hospital safety is often overlooked: the level of
education of the workforce. Current literature suggests an apparent paradox whereby undergraduate
nursing education treats patient safety as an implicit, fragmented or ancillary topic rather than a
core scientific competence. This study argues that failing to systematise safety education
perpetuates vulnerability in clinical systems and is not just a pedagogical issue, but also a public
health crisis.
Methodological approach
In order to map the global landscape of patient safety education (PSE) and identify scalable
solutions, we conducted a comprehensive integrative review and bibliometric analysis of peer
reviewed literature published between 2015 and 2024. Using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we
screened 6,889 records from four major databases: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Springer
Link. Following a rigorous quality appraisal using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based
Practice (JHNEBP) model and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), we synthesised 20
high-impact empirical studies. Our analysis focused on competency acquisition, pedagogical
efficacy, and the geopolitical distribution of educational resources.
Results: Systemic failures and pedagogical successes
The Failure of “Osmosis”: The integrative review found that “implicit” curricula, in which students
are expected to learn safety procedures by observing clinical environments, are statistically
ineffective. Studies have shown that students often lack awareness of essential safety concepts (e.g.
error reporting and systems thinking) when learning is unstructured. Conversely, explicit
competency frameworks transform abstract principles such as 'vigilance' into measurable,
observable behaviours.
Efficacy of immersive learning: Active, constructivist learning strategies, specifically high-fidelity
simulation (HFS), have been shown to produce better results than traditional didactic methods. The
synthesis revealed substantial effect sizes (Cohen’s d > 0.8) for simulation-based training. Notably,
one longitudinal study documented a 40% reduction in medication errors among graduates who
utilised simulation. These methods succeed by creating 'episodic memories' — emotionally salient
experiences that link theoretical knowledge to psychomotor skills.
The Faculty capability gap: A major systemic barrier identified was the lack of faculty
preparedness. In 57% of the analysed studies, the main obstacle to safety education was not student
aptitude, but rather a lack of training in safety science among educators. This highlights the urgent
organisational need for mandatory faculty development: we cannot expect educators to teach
competencies they do not possess.
The "Pedagogical Paradox" (Global Health Equity): For public health policymakers, the most
critical finding is perhaps the geographic disparity in research and resources. The majority of
evidence-based models originate in high-income countries. This creates a paradox whereby regions
bearing the heaviest burden of preventable harm lack the resources for the 'gold standard' (high
fidelity simulation). It is ethically negligent to promote expensive technology as the only solution
in low-resource settings.
Discussion
The spiral curriculum & context-adaptive strategies
In order to bridge the gap between educational theory and patient outcomes, we propose shifting
to a competency-based spiral curriculum. This framework replaces the 'one-off' workshop model
with vertical integration, whereby safety science is introduced in the first year and revisited in
greater depth throughout the degree.
Furthermore, to address global inequities, the study advocates Context-Adaptive Pedagogical
Strategies. In settings with limited resources, there is evidence to support the effectiveness of low
fidelity simulations, peer-led micro-simulations and mobile-based learning tools. These
interventions prioritise pedagogical integrity over technological sophistication, ensuring that
effective safety training is accessible regardless of a nation's GDP.
Conclusion and policy recommendations
The evidence evaluated here demonstrates that patient safety cannot remain a peripheral or episodic
element of undergraduate nursing education. Fragmented, passive instruction fails to produce the
integrated knowledge, psychomotor skills, and safety-centred attitudes required by contemporary
clinical practice.
Immersive, longitudinal pedagogical approaches, particularly simulation coupled with mentored
clinical practice, interprofessional engagement and quality improvement projects, consistently
produce superior translation of learning into safer clinical behaviour. However, their impact is
constrained unless matched by deliberate, system-level support. To close this implementation gap,
educational institutions and accreditation bodies must recognise patient safety as a core
competency relevant to licensure and incorporate it into a competency-based spiral curriculum.
Licensure standards should therefore mandate explicit patient safety competencies rather than
deferring them to optional coursework. Similarly, governments, universities and funders must
invest in formal faculty certification and ongoing professional development in safety science and
allocate the necessary infrastructure and staffing resources to sustain high-impact pedagogies.
To make high-quality training equitable and scalable, programmes should adopt context
appropriate simulation technologies and low-resource pedagogical innovations, such as peer-led
micro-simulations and mobile learning. This will make treating education as a high-stakes,
upstream intervention feasible across diverse settings. Only by aligning accreditation, institutional
investment and context-sensitive delivery can we cultivate a nursing workforce that is technically
adept, ethically accountable and cognitively prepared to protect patients in complex clinical
environments.

Abstract : Beyond Subjective Scales: Deciphering Neural Biomarkers of Labour Pain Through Digital Health Innovation

Clinical assessment of pain during the first stage of labour traditionally relies on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and patient self-reporting, yet these subjective measures are often compromised by the physiological intensity of uterine contractions and the maternal emotional state. This study addresses the urgent need for an objective "Pain Index" by presenting a digital health framework designed to identify neural biomarkers associated with labour pain through machine learning and neurophysiological signal analysis. Utilizing continuous 16-channel Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals synchronized with Cardiotocographic (CTG) readings from parturient women, the research mapped brain activity directly to uterine contraction peaks. Following artifact removal via Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and the extraction of spectral power, statistical, and non-linear features, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was developed to distinguish between 'Pain' and 'Non-Pain' states. The analysis revealed that pain due to uterine contractions correlates positively with relative Delta and Beta band activities and negatively with relative Theta and Alpha band activities. By applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimension reduction, the SVM model achieved a high classification accuracy of 84%, demonstrating its potential as a generalizable tool across subjects. Deciphering these neural biomarkers provides a transformative, data-driven innovation for maternal care, offering a precise mechanism for nurses and obstetricians to monitor labour progress and enhance real-time clinical decisions regarding the administration of analgesia.

 Abstract : HEALTH BEHAVIORS TO PREVENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

A low level of health literacy contributes to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Africa. In addition, the management of cardiovascular diseases is hampered by poor access to quality healthcare hence the importance of primary prevention.The aim of this literature review was to identify good health behaviors to be adopted by individuals to prevent the onset of cardiovascular disease. A total of 25 review articles were selected from Google scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and American heart association journals. The screening and effective treatment of dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity are essential means of preventing cardiovascular diseases. The lifestyle behaviors identified and their associated  reduction of cardiovascular risk are respectively, not smoking (36 to 71%); a healthy diet (11 to 59%) which consisting of regular consumption of fruit and vegetables, wholegrain cereals, polyunsaturated fatty acids and nuts, and chicken or fish instead of red meat; reducing alcohol consumption to one glass a day (10 to 23%) ,regular moderate to intense physical activity lasting at least 2.5 hours a week( 10 to 28%), reduction of salt consumption (23%) while sleep duration of ≤5hours and ≥9 hours can double cardiovascular risk . When combined, these behavioral protective factors potentiate each other and cardiovascular risk reduction can reach 70-90%.

Abstract : Intergenerational Links between Parental Sleep Disorders
and Child Sleep Health and Mental Well-Being

Background: Sleep is a vital biological process essential for children’s physical, cognitive, and emotional development. Emerging evidence suggests that sleep disturbances may be transmitted across generations, with parental sleep disorders influencing children’s sleep health and mental well-being. However, limited research has explored these relationships in Arabic-speaking populations.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the associations between parental sleep disturbances and children’s sleep health and psychological well-being, and to evaluate the predictive role of parental sleep and mental health on child outcomes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2025 involving 200 parent–child dyads recruited from pediatric clinics, schools, and online platforms. Parents aged 25–55 years with sleep disturbances and children aged 6–17 years were included. Standardized instruments were used, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) for parental sleep, the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) for child sleep, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) for child mental well-being. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analyses.

Results: Parents demonstrated poor sleep quality (mean PSQI=8.18±3.22) and subthreshold to moderate insomnia (mean ISI=12.23±5.35). Children exhibited clinically significant sleep disturbances (mean CSHQ=49.33±7.59). A substantial proportion of parents reported mental health issues (34%), and many families were single-parent households (58.5%). Preliminary findings indicate significant associations between parental sleep disturbances and children’s sleep problems and psychological difficulties. Parental sleep quality and mental health emerged as significant predictors of child emotional and behavioral outcomes.

Conclusion: The findings support the presence of intergenerational links between parental sleep disorders and children’s sleep and mental health. These results highlight the importance of addressing parental sleep and psychological well-being in interventions aimed at improving child health outcomes. Culturally tailored strategies are needed to promote healthy sleep practices and mental well-being in Arabic-speaking families.

Abstract : Spatial Distribution and Environmental-Climatic Determinants of Malaria Infection Among Children Under Five in Liberia
Background: Malaria remains a serious public health threat in Sub-Sahara Africa with
children under five years bearing the heaviest burden. However, Liberia is considered
hyperendemic for malaria and its tropical and a predominantly equatorial climate that is warm
and humid, provides ideal breeding conditions for Anopheles mosquitoes and year-round
transmission. The study aimed to examine the spatial pattern of malaria infection and assess
the influence of climatic and environmental factors on malaria risk among children under five
in Liberia.
Method: A quantitative secondary analysis was conducted using data from the 2022 Liberia
Malaria Indicator Survey and other sources containing the environmental and climatic
variables. The study focused on children under five years in the 150 LMIS 2022 clusters of all
the 15 counties in Liberia. Moran’s I was used to assessed the presence of spatial
autocorrelation, while the existence of local clustering was examined using Local Indicators of
Spatial Association (LISA). The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and the Spatial Lag analyses
(SLM) were performed to explore the relationship between malaria infection and
environmental and climatic drivers.
Result: The study revealed substantial spatial heterogeneity in under five malaria across
Liberia. Some survey clusters (0%) showed very low prevalence but the highest cluster (81%)
was in Sinoe county. Global Moran’s I (0.111, p =0.002) indicated weak but significant
clustering, and LISA maps highted significant hotspots in Southern and Southeastern counties
versus coldspots in Northwest. The regression results pinpointed rainfall (β=0.083, p<0.003),
vegetation (β= 0.055, p< 0.009), and water proximity (β= 0.701, p < 0.026). The SLM (AIC
=1184.01) outperformed OLS (AIC=1185.13) model.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that malaria prevalence among children under five is
characterized by pronounced spatial heterogeneity driven by climate and geography. High
rainfall, dense vegetation, and proximity to water bodies create favorable conditions for
transmission, especially in the southern counties. It also revealed clusters of high risk that
extend beyond local environmental suitability, indicating spillover effects. These findings
underscore the need for geographically differentiated malaria control strategies in Liberia,
focusing intensified efforts on the identified hotspot counties/regions.

Abstract : Bioactive metabolites and probiotic microorganisms in traditional fermented condiments: Insights on prevention and treatment of cancer
Nowadays, traditional fermented condiments (TFC) are increasing much interests in the cancer prevention and treatment. Various studies were carried out in vitro and in vivo and in animal models as well as clinical trials demonstrated efficacy of TFC for cancer prevention. TFC contain numerous bioctives compounds biosynthetized by microbial activitives, as well as gut microbiota composition which act by various molecular mechanisms. The study discusses the mechanisms of action of these various metabolites and probiotics for cancer prevention and treatment. Probiotic microorganisms including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium restore the human gut microbiome after any distrubance which can lead to proinflammatory immune response and initiate disease processes. Their components including short chain fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids, bacteriocins, surfactins, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, and expolysaccharides inhibit the proliferation of the growth cells by activitating the signaling pathways, induce apoptosis and suppression of tumor cells, decrease the tumor multiplicity or tumor volume, modulate the gut microbiota thereby promoting immune response amongst the mechanisms. These promising results may open new research to investigate for their more clinical and cohort studies whether the fermentation duration of each TFC and the amount to be consumed may influence the bioactivity of the ingredients for effectiveness effects against cancer types.

Abstract : Cancer Care Systems and Survival: Integrating Policy Contexts and Institutional Practices
The comparative analysis of cancer care systems in countries with high survival rates—Australia, Canada,
Belgium, Japan, and Costa Rica—demonstrates that outcomes in oncology cannot be explained solely by
biomedical advances. Rather, cancer survival emerges from the interaction between structural conditions, public
policies, and institutional practices operating across the entire disease trajectory. From this perspective, survival
should be understood as a multidimensional outcome shaped by both macro-level contexts and the organization
of care in practice.
At the structural level, these countries share key characteristics: high levels of socioeconomic development,
democratic political systems, and, critically, the presence of universal health coverage. These conditions enable
the implementation of public policies oriented toward equity, accessibility, and sustainability in cancer care (1).
In addition, the state plays a central role in regulating and financing health systems, while policy development
processes are typically participatory, incorporating the perspectives of patients, communities, and health
professionals. This combination of universalism and participation contributes to the development of policies that
are both socially responsive and territorially adapted.
However, structural and policy-level conditions alone are insufficient to explain high survival outcomes. A central
contribution of this analysis is the recognition that public policies must be translated into concrete institutional
practices that organize care along the cancer continuum—from screening and diagnosis to treatment, palliative
care, and survivorship. At this level, consistent patterns are observed across countries: the institutionalization of
population-based screening programs, the strengthening of diagnostic infrastructure, the use of multidisciplinary
teams, and the implementation of coordinated care pathways that ensure continuity of care (2).
Importantly, these systems also integrate non-biomedical dimensions into cancer care. Psychosocial support,
financial protection, legal frameworks, and community-based resources play a critical role in addressing the
broader needs of patients and their families (2). In this context, non-governmental organizations and patient
networks contribute significantly to counselling, navigation, and social reintegration, complementing formal
healthcare provision. As a result, cancer care is configured not only as a clinical process but as a comprehensive
socio-health practice that incorporates emotional, social, and economic dimensions.
Despite these strengths, persistent challenges remain. All countries face territorial inequalities in access to
services, gaps in effective screening coverage, and limitations in equitable access to innovative therapies.
Additionally, variability exists in the development of survivorship policies and labor reintegration strategies,
indicating that this dimension of care is still evolving. These findings highlight that even high-performing systems
must continuously address structural and organizational barriers to achieve full equity in cancer care.
In conclusion, high cancer survival rates are not the product of isolated interventions but of coherent and
integrated systems in which public policies, health system organization, and institutional practices are aligned.
The effectiveness of these systems lies in their ability to integrate biomedical, social, and cultural dimensions
into continuous, equitable, and person-centered care trajectories. Thus, cancer survival should be understood
as the outcome of a complex institutional ecosystem that extends beyond clinical treatment to encompass the
broader conditions that shape the experience and well-being of individuals living with cancer.